Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

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What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?

Production of thyroid hormones
Secretion of oxytocin and ADH
Regulation of metabolic rate
Control of blood glucose levels

The correct answer is: Secretion of oxytocin and ADH

The primary function of the posterior pituitary gland is the secretion of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The posterior pituitary does not produce these hormones; rather, it stores and releases them, which are produced in the hypothalamus. Oxytocin plays crucial roles in several bodily functions, including stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and promoting the release of milk during breastfeeding. ADH, also known as vasopressin, is vital in regulating the body's water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, which reduces urine volume and helps maintain blood pressure. The other functions mentioned in the other choices refer to processes managed by different glands and systems. Production of thyroid hormones is primarily the role of the thyroid gland. Regulation of metabolic rate is mainly governed by the thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Control of blood glucose levels involves multiple hormones, primarily insulin and glucagon, which are secreted by the pancreas. Each of these functions is essential, but they do not pertain to the posterior pituitary gland specifically.