Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

Aerobic respiration consists of which two primary processes?

1. Glycolysis and Fermentation

2. Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain

3. Krebs cycle and Glycolysis

4. Fermentation and Oxidation

The correct answer is: Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Aerobic respiration primarily involves the Krebs cycle and the Electron Transport Chain. The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, takes place in the mitochondria and is responsible for the oxidation of acetyl-CoA, which results in the production of NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers store energy that is later utilized in the next stage of aerobic respiration. The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic respiration and occurs within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, the electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred through a series of proteins, ultimately leading to the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The process also consumes oxygen, which is why it is termed "aerobic" respiration. The main goal of both the Krebs cycle and the ETC is to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, making these processes essential components of aerobic respiration. While glycolysis does initiate the process, it operates under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and fermentation is a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, making it not relevant to aerobic respiration.